When do you see the segfault with the EdgeDetect example? When running desktop simulation?
The documentation for the Linux release is somewhat minimal, but you can find a section entitled "Command Line Tools" that explains how to create Makefiles from .icProj files, which are then used to build various targets: desktop simulation executable, HDL generation, and exporting hardware and software files.
To create a project under Linux, create a .icProj file using a text editor. Modifying an existing file is a good way to start. The key/value pairs used for the project options correspond to the same fields shown in the CoDeveloper GUI environment under Windows, so you can refer to the CoDeveloper documentation for information on these options.
The latest PDF documentation for CoDeveloper is always available here:
http://impulsec.com/ReleaseFiles/Help/